{"id":1078,"date":"2021-04-12T16:58:42","date_gmt":"2021-04-12T07:58:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wordpress\/?post_type=ufaq&p=1078"},"modified":"2022-08-08T14:06:38","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T05:06:38","slug":"q-9-%e6%b0%b4%e7%86%b1%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e3%81%a7%e3%81%ae%e3%83%8a%e3%83%8e%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90%e3%81%af%e3%80%81%e3%81%a9%e3%81%ae%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%a6%e3%81%ae%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90%e5%be%84%e3%80%81","status":"publish","type":"ufaq","link":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/ufaq\/q-9-%e6%b0%b4%e7%86%b1%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e3%81%a7%e3%81%ae%e3%83%8a%e3%83%8e%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90%e3%81%af%e3%80%81%e3%81%a9%e3%81%ae%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%a6%e3%81%ae%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90%e5%be%84%e3%80%81\/","title":{"rendered":"Q.09 What is the particle size of nanoparticles in hydrothermal synthesis?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
\n\n\t\t
\n\n\t
\n\t\n\t\n\n\t\t
\n\t\t\tA<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tQ.09 What is the particle size of nanoparticles in hydrothermal synthesis?\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t
<\/div>\n\n\t<\/a>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n\t
\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\n

When an aqueous metal salt solution is heated, hydroxides and oxides become more thermodynamically stable than in the ionic state. Hydrothermal synthesis reactions can be thought of as hydrolysis and dehydration reactions. Particle synthesis of oxides and hydroxides by hydrothermal treatment takes advantage of this equilibrium shift.
\u3000\u3000\uff2d\uff21x<\/sub>\u00a0\uff0b\u00a0x<\/sub>\uff28\u2082\uff2f \uff1d \uff2d(\uff2f\uff28)x<\/sub>\u00a0\uff0b\u00a0x<\/sub>\uff28\uff21\u3001\uff2d(\uff2f\uff28)x<\/sub>\u00a0\uff1d \uff2d\uff2fx\/2<\/sub>\u00a0\uff0b\u00a0x\/2<\/sub>\uff28\u2082\uff2f
Where A is an anion like Cl\u207b, NO\u2083\u207b, or SO\u2084\u207b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Followings are the typical examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
Raw material<\/td>Particle<\/td>Diameter
[nm]<\/td>		Temperature
[\u2103]<\/td>		Pressure
[MPa]<\/td>		Forms<\/td><\/tr>
Al(NO\u2083)\u2083<\/td>AlOOH<\/td>50-600<\/td>250-400<\/td>25~40<\/td>Hexagonal plate<\/td><\/tr>
Ce(NO\u2083)\u2083<\/td>CeO\u2082<\/td>20-300<\/td>250-400<\/td>30<\/td>Octahedron<\/td><\/tr>
Co(NO\u2083)\u2083<\/td>Co\u2083O\u2084<\/td>~100<\/td>400<\/td>35<\/td>Octahedron<\/td><\/tr>
Fe(NO\u2083)\u2083<\/td>\u03b1-Fe\u2082O\u2083<\/td>~50<\/td>400<\/td>35<\/td>\u7403\u72b6<\/td><\/tr>
Gd(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>Gd(OH)\u2083<\/td>~20<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Ni(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>NiO<\/td>~200<\/td>400<\/td>35<\/td>Octahedron<\/td><\/tr>
Ni(OAc)\u2082+H\u2082<\/td>Ni<\/td>~500<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Ti(SO\u2084)\u2082<\/td>TiO\u2082<\/td>~20<\/td>400<\/td>35<\/td>Spherical<\/td><\/tr>
Zn(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>ZnO<\/td>~20<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
ZrOCl\u2082<\/td>ZrO\u2082<\/td>~10<\/td>400-490<\/td>30<\/td>Spherical<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
Raw material<\/td>Particle<\/td>Diameter
[nm]<\/td>		Temperature
[\u2103]<\/td>		Pressure
[MPa]<\/td>		Form<\/td><\/tr>
Fe(NH\u2084)\u2082H(C\u2086H\u2085O\u2087)\u2082<\/td>Fe\u2083O\u2084<\/td>~50<\/td>400<\/td>35<\/td>Spherical<\/td><\/tr>
Al(NO\u2083)\u2083, Co(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>CoAl\u2082O\u2084<\/td>~10<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Ba(NO\u2083)\u2082, Fe(NO\u2083)\u2083<\/td>BaO\u2086Fe\u2082O\u2083<\/td>50-300<\/td>400<\/td>30<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Ba(NO\u2083)\u2082, Ti(SO\u2084)\u2082<\/td>BaTiO\u2083<\/td>50-1,000<\/td>–<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Co(OAc)\u2082, Fe(OAc)\u2082<\/td>CoFe\u2082O\u2084<\/td>40-70<\/td>200-400<\/td>25<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
LiOH,Co(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>LiCoO\u2082<\/td>50-1000<\/td>300-400<\/td>100<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Li salt, phosphate, etc<\/td>LiFePO\u2084<\/td>350<\/td>450<\/td>–<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
LiOH,Mn(NO\u2083)\u2082,H\u2082O\u2083<\/td>LiMnO\u2084<\/td>20-40<\/td>400<\/td>30<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Ni(OAc)\u2082, Fe(OAc)\u2082<\/td>NiFe\u2082O\u2084<\/td>30-40<\/td>190-400<\/td>25<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Fe(NO\u2083)\u2083, Sr(NO\u2083)\u2082<\/td>SrFe\u2081\u2082O\u2081\u2089<\/td>200<\/td>400<\/td>30<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

References: Journal of the Soceity of Inorganic Matericals, Japan 12,429 (2005) Table 1
\u9ad8\u5727\u529b\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u6280\u8853 vol.20,3 (2010), \u8d85\u81e8\u754c\u6d41\u4f53\u3068\u30ca\u30ce\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc, CMC publishing, p103 table.1 etc. (in Japanese)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Q.09 What is the particle si\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","ufaq-category":[22],"ufaq-tag":[],"class_list":["post-1078","ufaq","type-ufaq","status-publish","hentry","ufaq-category-momi-youto"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ufaq\/1078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ufaq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ufaq"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ufaq-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ufaq-category?post=1078"},{"taxonomy":"ufaq-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itec-es.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ufaq-tag?post=1078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}